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Welcome to Rust!

This will download and install the official compiler for the Rust
programming language, and its package manager, Cargo.

Rustup metadata and toolchains will be installed into the Rustup
home directory, located at:

   C:\Users\LMMQXYX\.rustup </u>

This can be modified with the RUSTUP_HOME environment variable.

The Cargo home directory located at:

  C:\Users\LMMQXYX\.cargo

This can be modified with the CARGO_HOME environment variable.

The cargo, rustc, rustup and other commands will be added to
Cargo's bin directory, located at:

  C:\Users\LMMQXYX\.cargo\bin

This path will then be added to your PATH environment variable by
modifying the HKEY_CURRENT_USER/Environment/PATH registry key.

You can uninstall at any time with rustup self uninstall and
these changes will be reverted.

Current installation options:


   default host triple: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
     default toolchain: stable (default)
               profile: default
  modify PATH variable: yes

1) Proceed with installation (default)
2) Customize installation
3) Cancel installation
>

if the download speed is too low, then try the following way. remember to execute the rustup-init.exe in the later command line.If your computer system is linux, then change the .sh file.

The command is only used to speed up rustup-init.exe. $ENV:RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER='https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/rust-static' $ENV:RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT='https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/rust-static/rustup'

When you use rustlings(or try to install relative dependencies),you can change the origin to speed up.

in general, you shouhld add a config file named config (without any type name) under .cargo directory. Here are the content

# 放到 `$HOME/.cargo/config` 文件中
[source.crates-io]
registry = "https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"

# 替换成你偏好的镜像源
replace-with = 'sjtu'
#replace-with = 'ustc'

# 清华大学
[source.tuna]
registry = "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/crates.io-index.git"

# 中国科学技术大学
[source.ustc]
registry = "git://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/crates.io-index"

# 上海交通大学
[source.sjtu]
registry = "https://mirrors.sjtug.sjtu.edu.cn/git/crates.io-index"

# rustcc社区
[source.rustcc]
registry = "git://crates.rustcc.cn/crates.io-index"

cargo run restart

Please read the passage

About rustup

Here is a useful link

Rust tutorial

dev tools

cargo-watch

cargo-limit

cross

cargo-edit

This can indicate the dependency version

About more details

look the repository

primitive types(named scalars)

fn

function pointer

bool

all kinds of numbers

char

str

ownership rules

  • Each value in Rust has a variable that’s called its owner.
  • There can only be one owner at a time.
  • When the owner goes out of scope, the value will be dropped.

about memory management

each {} is a field. when the filed ends, each value(both stack and heap data) would be droped.

about memory disposition

fn main(){
  let _s = "hello";     // (1)
  let _ss = String::from("hello"); // (2)
  let _arr = ["hello";3];    // (3)
  let _tuple = ("hello",);   // (4)
  // ...
}

1 3 4 same. 1 literal string located at global memory. 2 different. located at heap.

about reference data type

The reference of Rust is a primitive type.It is located in stack, not heap.It stores the address value. The address value points the aim.

Thr core concempt of memory management

The programmer can only manage the stack memory.

cargo

depoendency version management

1.2.3 := >=1.2.3, <2.0.0 1.2 := >=1.2.0, <2.0.0 1 := >=1.0.0, <2.0.0 0.2.3 := >=0.2.3, <0.3.0 0.2 := >=0.2.0, <0.3.0 0.0.3 := >=0.0.3, <0.0.4 0.0 := >=0.0.0, <0.1.0 0 := >=0.0.0, <1.0.0