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Ubuntu diary (based on Ubuntu22.04 LTS)

day1

change the source

The default source address is not suitable for Chinese uses.So you'd better to change it. There are two ways:

    1. change the config files(deprecated)
sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list
    1. use the GUI

set proxy

  1. set global proxy You can set global proxy by changing the Settings/Network/Network Proxy. You can use the following command to check your behaviour. echo $https_proxy

  2. set apt proxy This is slightly more complex. This article would help you a lot When you complete relatice settings.Try the followings commands sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade export Show the global variable. env printenv sudo vim /etc/environment set proxy for all users

pay attention to delete the proxy if you do not want to use it.

day2

install the amd drives

I suffered a lot.

This Chinese article really helped a lot. Here is the original author, Thanks a lot. And if you must solve the software version problem. Try the following command (pay attention to the =) sudo apt install libc6=2.35-0ubuntu3

day3

about shell

remember to add the shell file header #!/bin/bash

adjust the default boot menu

注意，进入recovery模式，可以调整启动顺序

day4

ctrl+alt+t open the shell

the default path is /home/user_name/.

day5

soft and hard link

day6 learn to write systemd files

1. write down the service file(named first)

basic systemd service:

[Unit]
Description=my first service

[Service]
ExecStart=/bin/bash /user/xxx/Desktop/test.sh

# set for add to start menu
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
2. move the service file to /etc/systemd/system
3. systemctl daemon-reload
4. systemctl start first.service
5. systemctl status first.service
6. systemctl stop first.service
7. systemctl enable first.service
8. systemctl disable first.service

day7 study crontab(cron table)

day8 clear the cargo cache

rm -rf .cargo/.package-cache This can be useful for cargo blocked.

day9 about ipv6

vim /etc/gai.conf sudo systemctl restart systemd-networkd Set the values of the relevant properties so that IPv6 is prioritized over IPv4 access.

day10 solve the problem GLIBC_2.18 not found

upgrade the os.

day11 get ip

sudo dhclient interface(could be ignored)

day12 netplan

sudo apt-get install netplan.io sudo netplan apply Netplan is an indispensable software, without which there would be no related icons on the dock.

day13 about ubuntu-desktop

If you mistakenly delete some dependencies, it's very likely that you will damage your desktop environment, resulting in being unable to access the GUI subsequently, and can only enter the shell. So you need to reinstall the ubuntu-desktop

I want to use python3.11, so i remove the python3.10 by mistake.Then I can not enter ubuntu22.04. And get the error: Bluetooth: hci0: Malformed MSFT vendor event: 0x02 Then I set the network use the day11 knowledge first. Secondly, I install the ubuntu-desktop to solve the problem

day14 history

you can use !index to run the relative command.

day15 file system

device->partition->mount point each partition could be different file system type(nfts ext4) each device could be splited to different partition

before you operate the partition(resize), you should unmount the partition.

so you cannot resize your partition basically.Because the partition is in used.

top

The command can help us get system running information

who(ami)

The command can help us know the current onlined user

pkill -kill -t pts/2

This command can help us kill the pts/2

Centos7

  • frecuent software command

    • yum install softwarename install target software
    • yum list show installed software
    • yum update update software
    • yum remove softwarename remove software

vmvare network setting

nat host only direct link

set no password login

  1. pay attention to the file permissions. The id_rsa (private) should be 600.

  2. get the user id_rsa.pub key

  3. try to put the content to the server ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

  4. server ssh config files /etc/ssh/sshd_config

    •    # useRsA verify
   RSAAuthentication yes
   PubkeyAuthentication yes
   # Do not allow the password
   PasswordAuthentication no
   # select filePath
   AuthorsizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys

    • you can specify the ssh port in the file

  5. restart the ssh service /sbin/service sshd restart

  6. test the ssh connection problem ssh -Tvvv git@github.com connect to the specofic server address and print debug info.. 4

  7. use rsa in a new machine. pay attention to delete the knownhost files.

get the linux system information

cat /etc/xxx-release uname -a lshw show the all hardware lsmem show the memory info

set the site

Keep in mind that port can only be used by one application.Otherwise it will be conflicted.

linux tools

nftables

This tool is used for dealing with the data. nf means net filter.

shell scripts

  • type

    This command can test whether the input command is a builtin.

    • builtin

      cd pwd kill

  • read

    the command can read the input from the user and enter can break the string. There is a command named read-host as read

  • echo

    output the content.

    a="hello"
echo "$a world"

  • nohup script &

    keep in mind that the path must be absolute.

  • ctrl+r

    input former command fastly

  • xclip

    command | xclip -selection clipboard

about service

重新加载service文件：systemctl daemon-reload

启动一个服务：systemctl start nginx-1.13.0.service

关闭一个服务：systemctl stop nginx-1.13.0.service

重启一个服务：systemctl restart nginx-1.13.0.service

显示一个服务的状态：systemctl status nginx-1.13.0.service

在开机时启用一个服务：systemctl enable nginx-1.13.0.service

在开机时禁用一个服务：systemctl disable nginx-1.13.0.service

查看服务是否开机启动：systemctl is-enabled nginx-1.13.0.service

查看已启动的服务列表：systemctl list-unit-files|grep enabled

查看启动失败的服务列表：systemctl --failed